A railway track is a permanent structure that provides a dedicated guided path for trains. It is an engineered system consisting of two parallel steel rails, fixed precisely to sleepers (or ties), which are supported by a layer of ballast. This assembly is designed to bear the immense static and dynamic loads of trains, safely guide their wheels, and distribute the weight to the underlying subgrade. The key functions of the railway track are to ensure stable and smooth train movement, minimize rolling resistance, and facilitate efficient drainage. Its robust construction guarantees operational safety, reliability, and the capacity to handle heavy freight and high-speed passenger traffic, forming the essential backbone of any rail network.