A railway switch, also known as a turnout or points, is a fundamental mechanical installation that enables trains to be guided from one track to another. It consists of a pair of linked tapering rails (switch rails), movable components that align against either the stock rail to direct the wheels, and a crossing (or frog) that allows the flanges to pass through the intersecting rail. Its primary function is to provide flexibility in rail transport operations, allowing for traffic management, overtaking, and the creation of sidings and branch lines. The reliable and precise operation of railway switches is critical for ensuring route safety, optimizing network capacity, and maintaining efficient train scheduling.